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Dart Research Database: the Definitive Bibliography of Scholarship on Journalism and Trauma

Produced by the Dart Research Lab at the University of Tulsa and the
Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.


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  1. Louis D. Brown and Joseph C. Berryhill, Eric C. Jones, "Integrating journalism into health promotion: Creating and disseminating community narratives" Media coverage of mental health and other social issues often relies on episodic narratives that suggest individualistic causes and solutions, while reinforcing negative stereotypes. Community narratives can provide empowering alternatives, serving as media advocacy tools used to shape the policy debate on a social issue. This article provides health promotion researchers and practitioners with guidance on how to develop and disseminate community narratives to broaden awareness of social issues and build support for particular programs and policy solutions. To exemplify the community narrative development process and highlight important considerations, this article examines a narrative from a mental health consumer-run organization. In the narrative, people with mental health problems help one another while operating a nonprofit organization, thereby countering stigmatizing media portrayals of people with mental illness as dangerous and incompetent. The community narrative frame supports the use of consumer-run organizations, which are not well-known and receive little funding despite evidence of effectiveness. The article concludes by reviewing challenges to disseminating community narratives, such as creating a product of interest to media outlets, and potential solutions, such as engaging media representatives through community health partnerships and using social media to draw attention to the narratives. 2019 Vol. 20 2019 p. 513-519. Quasi-experimental research Other NA NA Other NA NA Advice on training journalists NA Add
  2. Maysaa Al Ajjan and Claudia Kozman "The Suicide of Egyptian Queer Activist Sarah Hegazi in the News: A Comparative Analysis of the Coverage in Egyptian, Lebanese, and American Media" This study is a textual analysis of Egyptian queer activist Sarah Hegazi’s suicide in 2020. Based on a grounded theory approach, qualitative analysis was performed on 23 media articles from Egypt, Lebanon, and the United States, with particular focus on episodic/ thematic frames and the stigma/ stigma-challenging frames due to their significance in studies about mental illness. The main findings reveal that Egypt had the highest stigma frames coupled with the lowest sympathy theme and the least attack on the Egyptian regime, whereas US and Lebanese outlets displayed high sympathy and vehemently attacked the Egyptian regime. Further, the study explains the findings in relation to country media systems. The significance of the study lies in its analysis of media coverage in three countries to help us understand how Arab and American media discuss the intersection of mental health and queerness in the Arab world. It also enriches the health communication literature as the first study to analyze the framing of the suicide of an Arab woman outside the context of war. Health Communication 2023 p. 1-11. Content Analysis Other journal suicide NA Framing of traumatic coverage Depression Print NA NA NA Add
  3. Angermeyer, Matthias C. and Matschinger, Herbert "The Effect of Violent Attacks by Schizophrenic Persons on the Attitude of the Public Towards the Mentally Ill" Tests T. Scheff's (1963) proposition that selective media reporting has a reinforcing effect on the stereotype of mental illness. Based on several population surveys carried out in the old Federal Republic of Germany it can be shown that in 1990 there was a marked increase in desired social distance from mentally ill people immediately following violent attacks, by 2 individuals suffering from schizophrenia, against prominent German politicians. Both events were widely covered in the media. During the following 2 yrs expressed social distance decreased slowly. At the close of 1992, however, it was still elevated when compared with the situation in early 1990 before the 1st assassination attempt had occurred. There was a corresponding trend in the tendency of the public to ascribe the attributes "dangerous" and "unpredictable" to psychiatric patients. Thus, findings do support Scheff's contention that selective reporting does indeed have an impact on the attitudes of the public as it confirms the stereotype of insanity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) Social Science & Medicine Vol. 52 2002 07 University of Maryland p. 38. Quasi-experimental research Other journal Nonsexual crime Adult Effects of coverage Add
  4. Yu Luo and Xiangcai He, Shaofeng Wang, Jinjin Li and Yu Zhang "Media exposure predicts acute stress and probable acute stress disorder during the early COVID-19 outbreak in China" Background. The COVID-19 has led to unprecedented psychological stress on the general public. However, the associations between media exposure to COVID-19 and acute stress responses have not been explored during the early COVID-19 outbreak in China. Methods. An online survey was conducted to investigate the relationships between media exposure to COVID-19 and acute stress responses, and to recognize associated predictors of acute stress responses on a sample of 1,450 Chinese citizens from February 3 to February 10, 2020. Media exposure questionnaire related to COVID-19 was developed to assess media exposure time, media exposure forms and media exposure content. The Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) was used to measure acute stress responses, including continuous acute stress symptom scores and the risk of probable acute stress disorder (ASD). A series of regression analyses were conducted. Results. Longer media exposure time and social media use were associated with higher acute stress and probable ASD. Viewing the situation of infected patients was associated with higher acute stress, whereas viewing the latest news about pandemic data was associated with lower odds of probable ASD. Being females, living in Hubei Province, someone close to them diagnosed with COVID-19, history of mental illness, recent adverse life events and previous collective trauma exposure were risk factors for acute stress responses. Conclusions. These findings confirmed the associations between indirect media exposure to pandemic events and acute stress responses. The governments should be aware of the negative impacts of disaster-related media exposure and implement appropriate interventions to promote psychological well-being following pandemic events. PeerJ 2021 . Quasi-experimental research Other journal Adult Effects of coverage Acute stress disorder NA NA NA Add
  5. Amy A Ross Arguedas "Making an expert: Sources and their contributions in news coverage of orthorexia nervosa" In 1997, Steven Bratman, a physician specializing in alternative medicine, proposed he had identified a new eating disorder, a pathological fixation with healthy eating. Soon after, orthorexia nervosa, as he called it, began appearing in newspapers – long before it did in scientific venues. Using a mixed-methods analysis of 492 articles published between 1998 and 2016, I examine the various actors who have participated in orthorexia coverage, including those who were assigned expertise on the unofficial diagnosis. The findings demonstrate a variety of credentialed and non-credentialed sources contributed to media coverage in different ways. Experts in mental illness appeared less often than other healthcare providers, including Bratman and dietitians. Based on the findings, I argue for a more nuanced understanding of expertise to better evaluate source selection in medical journalism and propose a typology that considers both the nature of the claims and the qualifications of the person making them. I conclude with several hypotheses about news coverage of novel conditions undergoing biomedicalization. Journalism Vol. 22 2021 Sage Journals p. 2222-2239. Meta-Analysis Journalism specific journal NA NA Criticisms of coverage Other Print Tips for covering trauma generally NA NA Add
  6. Chris A. Rees and LoisK. Lee, Eric W. Fleegler, and Rebekah Mannix "Mass School Shootings in the United States: A Novel Root Cause Analysis Using Lay Press Reports" School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings. Clinical Pediatrics Vol. 00 2019 2019 Sage p. 1-6. Content Analysis Journalism specific journal Mass violence NA Other Other Print NA NA NA Add
  7. Taylor, Mark and Jenkins, Kym "The Psychological Impact of September 11th Terrorism on Australian Inpatients" Objective: To investigate the psychological impact on Australian hospital patients of the media coverage of the September 11 (9/11) terrorist attack. Methods: Thirty psychiatry and 26 matched medical and surgical inpatients were assessed. Results: Both reported and observed distress was common. Women reported significantly more distress than men. Individuals with psychiatric illness were significantly more varied in their attribution of cause for 9/11. Seven patients (29%) with pre-existing psychosis became delusional surrounding the events, but there were no significant differences between the psychiatry and the medical and surgical inpatients. Conclusions: Clinical impressions were confirmed, namely, that a large proportion of hospital inpatients were adversely affected by TV footage of the 9/11 terrorist attack. Most vulnerable were those already with a mental disorder, particularly those with a pre-existing psychotic illness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) Australasian Psychiatry Vol. 25 2002 . Quasi-experimental research General psychology journal Terrorism Adult Effects of coverage PTSD Posttraumatic stress symptoms (subthreshold) Other Television Add
  8. Stack, Steven "Celebrities and Suicide: A Taxonomy and Analysis, 1948-1983" Research on the impact of suicide stories in the media on imitative suicides has been marked by poor theory and undifferentiated indexes. This study focuses on celebrity suicides. It uses a taxonomy of celebrities based on Tarde's laws of imitation and Pareto's concept of elite. Propositions are drawn from differential identification theory, using mass cultural values and beliefs as points of identification. The imitation effect holds only for American entertainers and political celebrities, not for artists, villains, and the economic elite. The amount of publicity given to suicides was positively related to the monthly incidence of suicide, but problems common to the celebrities and the suicidal population (divorce, physical illness, and poor mental health) were not. An interactive model in which the impact of a suicide story is mediated by the suicidogenic mood of the media audience did not improve on the simple additive model. Age, gender, and race-specific suicide rates tended to support identification theory. American Sociological Review Vol. 52 1987 p. 401-412. Content Analysis Other journal suicide NA Effects of coverage Amount of traumatic coverage NA Print NA NA NA Add
  9. Kayla B. Rhidenour and Ashley K. Barrett , and Kate G. Blackburn "Heroes or Health Victims?: Exploring How the Elite Media Frames Veterans on Veterans Day" We examine the frames the elite news media uses to portray veterans on and surrounding Veterans Day 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. We use mental health illness and media framing literature to explore how, why, and to what extent Veterans Day news coverage uses different media frames across the four consecutive years. We compiled a Media Coverage Corpora for each year, which contains the quotes and paraphrased remarks used in all veterans news stories for that year. In our primary study, we applied the meaning extraction method (MEM) to extract emergent media frames for Veterans Day 2014 and compiled a word frequency list, which captures the words most commonly used within the corpora. In post hoc analyses, we collected news stories and compiled word frequency lists for Veterans Day 2012, 2013, and 2015. Our findings reveal dissenting frames across 2012, 2013, and 2014 Veterans Day media coverage. Word frequency results suggest the 2012 and 2013 media frames largely celebrate Veterans as heroes, but the 2014 coverage depicts veterans as victimized by their wartime experiences. Furthermore, our results demonstrate how the prevailing 2015 media frames could be a reaction to 2014 frames that portrayed veterans as health victims. We consider the ramifications of this binary portrayal of veterans as either health victims or heroes and discuss the implications of these dueling frames for veterans’ access to healthcare resources. HEALTH COMMUNICATION Vol. 34 2019 Routledge p. 371-382. Content Analysis General psychology journal NA NA Framing of traumatic coverage PTSD Print NA NA NA Add